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Chard
Chard (''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris'', Cicla-Group and Flavescens-Group) is a leafy green vegetable often used in Mediterranean cooking. In the Flavescens-Group-cultivars, the leaf stalks are large and are often prepared separately from the leaf blade. The leaf blade can be green or reddish in color; the leaf stalks also vary in color, usually white, yellow, or red. Chard has highly nutritious leaves making it a popular addition to healthful diets (like other green leafy vegetables).〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=World's Healthiest Foods )〕 Chard has been around for centuries, but because of its similarity to other beets and some other vegetables such as cardoon, the common names used by cooks over the centuries can be quite confusing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swiss Chard )〕
==Classification==
Chard was first described in 1753 by Carl von Linné as ''Beta vulgaris'' var. ''cicla''.〔(''Beta vulgaris'' var. ''cicla'' at Tropicos ), accessed 2014-02-27〕 Its taxonomic rank has changed many times, so it was treated as a subspecies, convariety or variety of ''Beta vulgaris''.〔 The accepted name is ''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris''.〔(''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris'' at Tropicos ), accessed, 2015-02-27〕〔(''Beta vulgaris'' L. subsp. ''vulgaris''. In: Uotila, P. (2011): Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). – In: Euro+Med Plantbase ), accessed, 2014-02-27〕 There are two rankless cultivar groups within this subspecies: the Cicla-Group for the leafy spinach beet, and the Flavescens-Group for the stalky Swiss chard.〔(Sorting ''Beta'' names at MMPND )〕
Chard is in the same subspecies as beetroot (garden beet) and all other beet cultivars. They are cultivated descendants of the sea beet, ''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''maritima''. Chard belongs to the chenopods, which are now mostly included in the family Amaranthaceae (sensu lato).
Chard is also known by its many common names such as Swiss chard,〔(Characterization and biological activity of the main flavonoids from Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cycla). ) Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology, 01-FEB-07〕 silverbeet, perpetual spinach, spinach beet, crab beet, bright lights, seakale beet, and mangold.〔(Eat with the beet ), Monty Don, 9 February 2003, The Guardian〕 In South Africa, it is simply called spinach.〔Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, ''(Production guidelines for Swiss chard )''. South Africa. Retrieved 21 May 2013.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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